How to get verification code in iPad
How to get verification code in iPad with sim card
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If you are unable to receive a verification code to a trusted Apple device, if already signed-in to iCloud, you should be able to locally generate a Verification Code directly from iPad settings:
Settings > [Your Name / AppleID] > Password & Security > Get Verification Code
More information here:
Get a verification code and sign in with two-factor authentication - Apple Support