Does using a VPN affect Two-Factor authentication on an Apple Device?

Overly-hyped and massively-advertised first-few hops add-on VPN apps? Other than being an often-unnecessary trash fire too often run by sketchy-looking vendors and too often with data collection efforts and false claims commonplace, and too often used where it would not surprise to learn that some VPN user activities are collected by or are purchased by rights-holders for use in later legal proceedings, and that for a problem which hasn’t existed for some years, um, what was your question again?

Some related reading: https://wifine.gitlab.io/

Can VPNs try to intercept and even try to decrypt user-encrypted traffic? Sure.

Can VPNs run afoul of geolocation efforts intended to reduce fraud and shenanigans? Yes.