You are using an unsupported method of moving photos from your phone, and, as you have discovered, it can lead to problems.
Apple did not design the DCIM structure for your convenience, they structured it for the most efficient management of the photo database in the phone, because they don’t expect users to ever even look at it. Instead they provide several easy ways to transfer photos from the phone to a computer or other services. These ways are described here→Transfer photos and videos from your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support. If you use a supported method the AAE files are automatically taken care of. As they contain the edits that have been made to the associated photos if you don’t use a supported method your will lose any edits or settings that have been made to your photos.
By far the easiest way is to enable iCloud Photos: Go to Settings/[your name]/icloud - Photos ON. This will transfer the existing photos to your iCloud account, then going forward in real time as they are taken meaning that you will never lose a photo should disaster strike. Once in iCloud you have options:
- Log in to https://icloud.com/photos, where you can view them or download them to your computer
- Enable iCloud Photos in your Mac System Preferences, and they will automatically sync to the Photos app on your Mac
- Install iCloud for Windows, where you can view your photos on your PC and optionally transfer them to local storage on your computer.
Enabling iCloud photos also offers the option of saving smaller, lower resolution images on your phone to save space while still preserving the full resolution photos in iCloud. Just go to Settings/Photos - Optimize iPhone Storage to enable this feature.
