Can you use a MagSafe charger with a pop socket?

not with an adhesive pop socket, no..

but pop socket makes ones for the iPhone 12/13 series that attaches via magnet.

So for that, yes.. you'd just pull off the pop socket and attach the MagSafe charger.

https://www.popsockets.com/en-us/more/grips/magsafe?pmin=0.01

I have one of these pop sockets, works great for me.

Make sure if using a protective case that it's MagSafe compatible