Where are my deleted messages

The related article in the upper left corner that you were reading when you posted your question to the community answers the question if you are running iOS 16.

If you sync messages with iCloud, and you delete a message, it cannot be recovered. When you use message with iCloud, actions are reflected across devices and in iCloud.com.

If you include messages in your backups, restoring the relevant backup will recover your messages. You will also overwrite the current contents on your device and turn back the clock to the date and time that the backup was created.

See this for help with restoring a backup.

Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch from a backup - Apple Support