You would need to buy a full price unlocked iPhone 4 from Apple, not from one of the authorized carriers such as Rogers, Telus or Bell as authorized carriers and their resellers sell locked iPhone 4 which means you'll be on a 3 year contract with a buyout ECF ($500.00 Rogers, $600.00 Bell, $820.00 Telus). As for which carrier I would suggest Rogers or it's little company Fido. Reasons for this are simple..cost and coverage. Fido runs on Rogers Nationwide network and when you're not in a HSPA+ (3.5G) coverage area which is rare the iPhone will default back to EDGE. Unlike Telus and Bell who offer HSPA+ but have EVDO in their none 3.5G coverage areas which the iPhone doesn't support. Unlike AT&T both Rogers and Fido can activate you on a Prepaid (Pay as you go) voice plan and add on what's called a Data Day Pass ($2.99/Day for 20 MB or $7.00/week for 125 MB on Smartphones). If you're using data daily for 30 days or more you may want to get a Post-Paid monthly plan to lower cost or just opt to use WIFI if it's available. Information on Rogers Hotspots across Canada here
http://your.rogers.com/store/cable/internet/wifi/overview.asp As for the Prepaid option it doesn't require a credit check but does require a valid mailing address. Alternatively you can get a monthly Post Paid plan which requires you to do a credit check (2 pieces of Canadian ID including a Canadian mailing address). If you know the address where you are staying you can find out the network coverage and plans with Rogers here
http://www.rogers.com/web/content/wireless_network From experience while you're here in Canada you'll notice a faster and better signal on the iPhone 4 with Rogers/Fido HSPA+ 3.5G (21 Mbps network) compared to AT&T in the USA with their HSPA 3G (7.2 Mbps network)