You will have to pay for at least one more month to allow you to download photos, although if the photos space required is too big for your phone you will have to download them to a computer instead.
Download iCloud photos and videos – Apple Support (UK)
Reasons your payment card may be declined
1. Account suspended for suspected fraud.
2. Address in your iTunes account does not match exactly the billing address for the card
3. Error in credit card number
4. Insufficient balance or you still owe money on a subscription
5. The card was not issued in the country of the iTunes store
6. Wrong expiration date
7. Wrong security (CVV) code
8. You are connected through a VPN provider that makes iTunes think you live elsewhere - uninstall VPN
9. You live in India
About billing for Apple subscriptions and media products in India – Apple Support (UK)
10. You live in Russian Federation or use Russian banks or cards
Here is additional information from Apple if your payment method is declined.
If your payment method is declined in the App Store or iTunes Store - Apple Support