IPAD 10th generation and external drives

Are both of your iPad10 and iPad mini6 running the same version of iPadOS? If so, everything else being equal, I see no obvious reason for the to models of iPad to behave any differently with the same Sandisk storage device. As such, you might be best advised to seek assistance directly from from Apple Support - and request a remote diagnostic test.

You can contact the Support Team using the Get Support link at top-right of this page. Alternatively, you can initiate and manage your support cases using the excellent Apple Support App. If not already installed on your iPad, the App can be downloaded from the App Store:

https://apps.apple.com/gb/app/apple-support/id1130498044

Your iPad supports FAT, FAT32, exFAT (FAT64), APFS or HFS+ with a single partition. Microsoft NTFS and other proprietary formats are not supported.

You should note that due to fundamental formatting limitations, not all formats can support very large file sizes.

External storage devices are usually formatted appropriately during manufacture. Most thumb-drives will be factory-formatted as either FAT32 or exFAT.

Unless you have very deep pockets, you are very unlikely to encounter any commercial external storage devices that have storage capacity that exceed the capabilities of your iPad.

The most likely limitation that you will encounter is insufficient power. A powered USB-C hub (that is explicitly stated as compatible with iPad) will provide adequate power for both the connected USB Storage device and/or other connected USB accessories - and simultaneously charge the iPad.

Some additional information can be found here:

Connect external devices or servers with Files on iPhone - Apple Support

https://www.imore.com/how-use-external-hard-drives-your-iphone-or-ipad

Do let us know how you get on - as any additional information from Apple Support may be helpful to others that encounter a similar issue.