Hi SayhanAhamed
Welcome to the Apple Community.
Re: reset apple id password without knowing the phone number
If you have another trusted device listed in the Apple ID account,
you may be able to use that to access your Apple ID .
If so, as you can not get a verification code from lost phone,
you could get a verification code from that other device itself.
Get a verification code and sign in with two-factor authentication - Apple Support
What to do: If you forgot your Apple ID password - Apple Suppor
says:
"If you don't have a trusted device, you can reset your password on the web—but the process might take a little longer.
When possible, the web process redirects you to a trusted device".
If you'll have access to one of your trusted devices soon, it might be faster and easier to reset your password then.
Reset your password at iforgot.apple.com. "
All the best :-)