My phone was connect to my iCloud. I deleted my photos from my phone. But they are not showing up on my iCloud.

iCloud is a synchronization service, not offline storage. You can elect to optimize photos on device to free up space (settings > photos).

items you delete are moved to the recently deleted album, you can recover from there. If you deleted from the recently deleted album, items are then permanently deleted and irrecoverable.

If you delete an item on your device, it will also delete in iCloud if you sync with iCloud.