I deleted 4,000 photos and put two thirds of my apps offline but it still says my storage is full?

1.

Try to free up iPhone device storage see this Apple articles below:

If you need more space for an update on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch

If you need more space for an update on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support

How to check the storage on your iPhone, iPad and iPod touch

How to check the storage on your iPhone, iPad and iPod touch – Apple Support (UK)

Clear Other storage on your iPhone or iPad

Clear Other storage on your iPhone or iPad - Apple Support

2.

What's the difference between device storage and iCloud storage?

What's the difference between device storage and iCloud storage? - Apple Support

See this Apple article: Upgrade to iCloud+ -> Upgrade to iCloud+ - Apple Support

See also: iCloud+ plans and pricing -> iCloud+ plans and pricing - Apple Support

Manage your iCloud storage

Manage your iCloud storage - Apple Support