By that I gather you don't have access to the account at all, nor do you have any other trusted device, nor have you set up any alternative trusted telephone numbers for this account, nor is there a recovery contact. In that case if you can’t sign in, access a trusted device, reset your password, or receive verification codes, you can request account recovery to regain access to your account. This article explains how to recover your Apple ID after a waiting period - How to use account recovery when you can’t reset your Apple ID password - Apple Support
You will definitely need the account information set on the phone to remove the information. The only alternative is to apply to Apple to remove the lock, but that would require them knowing your are now the officially documented owner of the phone back to the purchase. They don't say exactly what they require but in the past the bar has been set pretty high and ideally it is the original owner, or a legally assigned inheritor, with the original purchase receipt from an Apple Store. You could contact the old company and ask if they can apply.