SIM Card replacement

I now travel to Prague for 4 months a year. I purchased a phone and SIM card here, but it stopped working (water damage).

I can obviously purchase another one, but I do have my new IPhone 13 mini with me (AT&T). It would be great to simply use this phone while I'm in Prague.

There's no SIM card in it. Can I use my SIM card in the iPhone?

Thanks for any wisdom. My Czech is limited, and buying a new phone is expensive AND quite an adventure...

Matthew