Signing back into my iPhone 11

When I try to fully sign back into my phone it asks for the current phones passcode, so I put it in, and then it asks for the password on the other phone, but there is no other phone? I figured it would be the same passcode because I’ve used the same passcode for 10+ years but it says that I shouldn’t be putting in the current iPhones passcode. But I only have one iPhone, and I logged out of the account and was trying to log back in on the same phone. The only option it’s giving me is to delete all my password information and contacts, etc. but I don’t want to do that, so I’m stuck out of my phone.