Hi brianhews,
The site Use an external display with your MacBook Air outlines the basic connection guidelines for using your external monitor with a MacBook Air. Additionally, it includes a link to If your external display is dark or low resolution which offers the following:
"If you're using an adapter with your video cable, the adapter must support your display's resolution and refresh rate. Thunderbolt and USB-C adapters must also be compliant with DisplayPort Alt Mode, Thunderbolt 3, or Thunderbolt 4. If you're not sure about your adapter, try a different adapter or replace the video cable with one that doesn't require an adapter."
and
"Detect your display
If your Mac can't detect your display, your display will be dark. Use one or more of these steps to try again to detect your display.
- Disconnect the display from your Mac, then reconnect it. It might help to turn off the display first.
- Put your Mac to sleep, then wake it. On Mac laptop computers, you can close the lid for a few seconds, then open the lid again.
- Choose Apple menu > System Settings (or System Preferences), then click Displays. Press and hold the Option key to show the Detect Displays button, then click the button.
- Restart your Mac. If you can't restart your Mac, press and hold its power button for about 10 seconds to turn it off. Then press and release the power button to turn it back on."
Regards.