You are using macOS Ventura now, but is that the system you were using when you last saved the Library?
You've mentioned Time Machine-- have you tried to restore the Library from Time Machine?
It sounds like you have a corrupted file, but I'm confused about a few things. I think you had the Photos Library on an APFS external drive that also had Time Machine on it. Is that correct? A Photos Library can't be used on a volume that has, or has had, Time Machine. Time machine requires its own volume, and having the Photos Library trying to co-habit the drive can corrupt the Library. This may be the source of your problem.
You have dragged this Photos Library package to your Mac's internal drive-- is that correct? Since you didn't mention it, I'm going to assume you are not using iCloud.com to sync your devices-- is that correct?
Since it seems to have corrupted files, you may need to get the Library onto your internal drive in way different from dragging it in. The app Carbon Copy Cloner might make a cleaner copy of the Library, the CCC is great for making backups. Try that.
With the Library on your internal drive, try repairing the Library by closing Photos and option-command-clicking the Library.