Is this your Display?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Thunderbolt_Display
If it is, then it is a true Thunderbolt 3 cable is needed.
USB-C is NOT Thunderbolt, it can be Thunderbolt, or just USB, it can be USB and DisplayPort, it can be 5GHz, it can be 10GHz, it can be 20GHz, it can be 40GHz, but the cable has to explicitly support that features.
As the above link is to a real Thunderbolt 3 monitor, it needs a real Thunderbolt 3 cable.
If you really have a Thunderbolt 3 cable, and not adapters in the middle, it should work.
If you have difficulties, then try an SMC reset
Mac SMC Reset: hhttps://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201295
If you have another Mac with Thunderbolt ports available, try the monitor with that Mac. If you have other Thunderbolt 3 cables, try one of those.
A Thunderbolt cable should have the lightening bolt icon with the down pointing arrow on the connector, as shown in the following image of an Apple Thunderbolt cable: