how to verify payment information

 Apple support has an article online that may help:

Identity verification for Apple Card or Apple Cash - Apple Support

or

How Apple uses your payment information - Apple Support

says

In certain cases, Apple might also use your payment information to help verify your identity.1 You might need to verify your payment information to reset your Apple ID password, set up Family Sharing, create a child account, or to start making purchases from a new device.

1. If your primary Apple ID payment method was added through Apple Pay, identity verification via your payment method is not available.

Eg: You can add a payment method to your Apple ID Account if you want:

How to add an Apple ID payment method:

Add a payment method to your Apple ID - Apple Support