How can I download something without adding my card?

You may need to have a valid payment method on file, even if the app you want to download is free.

You can have a credit card / debit card on file and an Apple Account balance.

If you have set your Apple Account balance as your default payment method, your default payment method will be used first by Apple when you need to make a payment.

Some purchases might require you to have a credit card on file, even if you use your Apple Account balance to make the purchase.

As long as you only download free apps, it costs nothing.

Then your payment method remains intact.

If you are going to download a free app, there is a possibility to purchase the 'better' version, for example from a free version to pro version.

But that is not mandatory.

Use your Apple Account balance as default payment, then it is up to you whether you use it or not.

Free apps has also In-app pruchase.

Your payment method is actually a kind of deposit, if you buy something, it will be charged.

See also the following Apple articles:

Add a payment method to your Apple ID

Add a payment method to your Apple ID – Apple Support (UK)

Payment methods you can use with your Apple ID

Payment methods you can use with your Apple ID – Apple Support (UK)

fyi: Not all credit & debit cards seem to work with App Store / iTunes Store, try a different one, or preferably a credit card. If your card is not accepted as a paymenf method, you need to contact your bank.

If you update your payment method or add funds to your Apple Account balance, It would take about 1 to 3 business days in order to process.

If you're still unable to update your payment method, Contact Apple Support.

If you still need help, get support from Apple directly -> Get Support or call Apple in your region see -> Contact Apple for support and service or check -> here for more support and assistance.