It sounds like to me when they were saved on the DMG they were never properly saved. Or the DMG file itself became corrupt.
https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/msoffice/forum/all/word-for-mac-365-temporary-files-wrd1431/cfe9d024-47f3-475a-a31a-600c335fa119
indicates Microsoft Office saves temporary files which may still exist on your Mac that you can recover the files from previous saves. Use EasyFind to locate them. If you can't find them and have no backup.
Recovering data from Macs - Apple Community
lists some good data recovery tools which you can use. Keep in mind just because it has been removed from your system by trashing it may still exist in the hidden recesses of the hard drive, which a data recovery tool can try to recover from.
One thing that can easily corrupt these files is encrypted disk images and filevault. I have found it is better to maintain physical security than try to encrypt everything. It is very difficult to recover encrypted files.