Apple calls major (e.g. from High Sierra to Monterey) updates on a Mac "upgrades" rather than "updates."
The model year of a MacBook Pro is available at Apple menu > About This Mac.
A mid 2010 through late 2011 MacBook Pro can be upgraded to High Sierra 10.13.6 but no later version. See: How to download and install macOS - Apple Support
A mid 2012 through early 2013 MacBook Pro can be upgraded to Catalina 10.15.7 but no later. See: How to download and install macOS - Apple Support
A late 2013 and mid 2014 can be upgraded to the latest version of Big Sur macOS 11 but no later. See: How to download and install macOS - Apple Support
An early 2015 through 2016 MacBook Pro can be upgraded to the latest version of Monterey macOS 12. See: How to download and install macOS - Apple Support
A 2017 or later MacBook Pro can be upgraded to the current version of Ventura macOS 13. See: How to upgrade to macOS Ventura - Apple Support
Be aware that if you upgrade to Catalina 10.15 or later you will also need to update any non-Apple 32-bit apps. See: https://www.macworld.com/article/232735/how-to-check-if-mac-software-is-32-or-64-bit.html
If you can't or don't want to upgrade your macOS, for security reasons you should consider using a 3rd party internet browser that supports their current version with your older macOS. Two examples are Chrome https://www.google.com/chrome/ or Firefox.
