When you go to "Privacy & Security: Location Services" using the Console - a whole bunch of locationd faults start showing up, all of which say the following:
{"msg":"clientRecord was not a dictionary or did not respond to expected selectors, skipping", "client":<private>}
Below there are 2 errors in the private log suggesting something went wrong with the TCC Database.
2023-07-26 11:19:04.659616-0400 0x1038ed Error 0x218808 170 0 opendirectoryd: (PlistFile) [com.apple.opendirectoryd:auth] Failed SecureToken authentication for A865CEC2-417A-4DB9-9522-A3B522CF95D3 other domain: invalid credentials
2023-07-26 11:19:04.808537-0400 0x1038ed Error 0x218808 170 0 opendirectoryd: (PlistFile) [com.apple.opendirectoryd:auth] Authentication failed for luke (A865CEC2-417A-4DB9-9522-A3B522CF95D3): ODErrorCredentialsInvalid
Looks like some failures to decode or authenticate against a SecureToken directly preceded the task. If anyone else wants to confirm these errors on their system, here's the command to run in Terminal:
log stream --predicate 'subsystem == "com.apple.opendirectoryd"'