Hi drowningindata,
Thank you for posting in the Apple Support Communities. We understand you're having an issue with album artwork on your iPhone after syncing.
First, we'd recommend making sure that your iPadOS is fully updated to the latest iOS..
Update your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch
Update your iPhone or iPad wirelessly
- Back up your device using iCloud or your computer.
- Plug your device into power and connect to the internet with Wi-Fi.
- Go to Settings > General, then tap Software Update.
- If you see more than one software update option available, choose the one that you want to install.
- Tap Install Now. If you see Download and Install instead, tap it to download the update, enter your passcode, then tap Install Now. If you don't know your passcode, learn what to do.
Then, make sure your macOS is fully updated.
Update macOS on Mac
If this doesn't help, How about if you remove some of the affected content and re-sync it? Does that help?
We look forward to hearing back from you.
Take care.