"I formatted it in fat 32 before loading the hatcher whale distro, I consulted the guide but the terminal commands are for versions of macOS."
"I previously tried to load the distro via the “dd” command but still doesn't recognize it"
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You're still not addressing the question and this is the last time I'll make my point stepping aside for more knowledgeable individuals.
Did you specifically make the drive bootable or not? If it needs to be bootable because of the process you're using, then you have to make it so. Have you? Will it boot? Have you tried to boot from it? What happened when you did?
For me, installing Linux as a Virtual Machine (VMWare Fusion Free specifically) appears to be vastly less complicated (macOS Monterey and Ventura currently) than what you're doing. But it's your machine, your time and your effort so it's up to you. I just know installing Linux Mint with VM was quick and painless .. and all installations run well.
Wait for others to respond.