If you are using this drive on your Android phone, then you would need an app on your phone to encrypt & decrypt the drive. That drive may only be usable on your Android phone using that software. If that app is available for other operating systems, or if that app uses an open form of encryption, then you may be able to access the data on the drive using other devices. Be extremely cautious of any third party apps you install to your phone or other devices...many of them may not be safe or even reliable....do diligent research beyond app rankings.
FYI, APFS is an Apple only, Apple specific file system. While there may be third party drivers available for accessing an APFS volume using other devices, I would not want to rely on them. Apple only recently released technical details on the APFS file system...so I would still be wary of using any third party apps to write to an APFS volume. I'm doubtful a third party app would be able to access an encrypted APFS volume.