Closing Activity Rings with Activity recorded using iPhone

No, I don't believe there is any way to make that work. If you had never paired a watch to the phone, it would work but not if there's a watch paired to it.

As it doesn't take very long to charge an Apple Watch, I just try to keep it charged. I put it on to charge when I get up in the morning while I'm getting ready and then again, if necessary, for a while before bed.