It appears you have a MBPro 16" (2019) model.
Did you have Apple or an Apple Authorized Service Provider perform the battery replacement with an official Apple OEM battery repair? If so, then you have a 90 day part warranty....so go back and have them make things right.
If you had a third party battery installed, then the battery is most likely bad and you will need to work with the seller or the tech involved to get a replacement. With a third party battery you may need to first calibrate the battery by fully charging the battery to 100% and leaving the charger connected for several hours afterward. Then disconnect the charger and use the laptop until the battery drains to 0% charge. Reconnect the charger and let the battery charge to 100% again making sure to leave the charger connected for a couple hours after it reaches 100%. Theoretically you should be able to use the laptop normally.
You should also check that your battery is being charged to 100% and charging has not been paused (usually at 80%) which would indicate that Optimized Charging is configured.