Hi Safari_Search_Issue,
The following steps may help if there is a corrupt file in your Safari history or data:
"Delete history, cache, and cookies
- Go to Settings > Safari.
- Tap Clear History and Website Data.

Clearing your history, cookies, and browsing data from Safari won't change your AutoFill information.
When there's no history or website data to clear, the button to clear it turns gray. The button might also be gray if you have web content restrictions set up under Content & Privacy Restrictions in Screen Time.
To visit sites without leaving a history, turn Private Browsing on."
You can find these steps along with other information that may be helpful, here: Clear the history, cache, and cookies from Safari on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support
If you have followed the steps correctly and you still have the issue, let us know if you get any specific alerts or error messages when trying, as those may help us determine what might be causing the issue.
We also recommend checking to see if somehow Screen Time is enabled for Safari and blocking the search function. Use Screen Time on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support
If you still have questions, reach out to Apple Support directly, as this may require closer guidance: Get Support
Cheers!