Issues with iPhone sync from MacBook after iOS17 Update

Hello. I can't find any articles to assist with my particular issue so I've outlined it below:

• Until 2 weeks ago I was using an iPhone 14 Pro Max (running iOS 16) and a 2020 MacBook Pro (running MacOS 13)
• 2 weeks ago I updated my iPhone to a beta version of iOS 17 which is when some issues began - when trying to sync music from my MacBook to my iPhone it kept getting stuck on 'preparing to sync' (I'm not using Apple Music streaming - all of my music is purchased) - I was able to work around this by unplugging and replugging in the USB and eventually it would sync.
• Today my new iPhone 15 Pro Max arrived and I also updated my MacBook software to MacOS 14, hoping this would remove the issue, but it has persisted on the new iPhone and with the new MacOS.
• Initially, all music synced to my new iPhone butI noticed some of the album art was wrong so I deleted the albums directly from the iPhone with the intention of syncing them back on (around 5 albums).
• However, they will not sync back to the phone. I've tried removing all music from the iPhone and syncing it again but the problem persists - it will sync all 8000ish songs except the 5 albums I deleted from the iPhone directly. I've done this many times with previous iPhones when album art has been wrong and it's always resynced back on.
• The sync settings clearly state that I want to sync my entire Apple Music library to the iPhone
• I've tried rebooting my MacBook in safe mode and I've reset the SMC.
• I've restarted both devices
• I've tried deleting the Music app from the iPhone.
• One odd thing I've noticed is that in Finder view on MacBook with the iPhone selected - it's showing that the last iCloud update of the iPhone was at an incorrect time - I don't know if this is relevant

Super grateful if anyone has any ideas of what's causing this. I can only assume that it's both the MacBook and the new iOS in combination that is causing this issue based on the variables changed.