It happened to me and lots of other people too!
My battery life has completely disintegrated since the 17 update. I've gone through my entire phone repeatedly and turned off lots of useful features, I've updated all my apps and reset my network in hopes that it would help, but nothing has.
Before this update I had no issues with my battery life; I'm using a 2nd Gen SE - it is an older model but the phone itself was practically brand new. Now since the update I'm suddenly being told that my battery is completely shot and needs replaced! It basically destroyed my new device and I have no idea if it's actually permanent damage.
No suggestions by Apple or the "experts" has changed a thing and it's such a widespread issue that it makes me suspect that it's a flaw built into the update, perhaps intentionally.
There is no excuse for such a large tech company to not do everything they can to correct such a major issue that they caused ASAP, so the only conclusion that I can come to is that they wanted this to happen.
Supposedly after every update there are some background actions occurring that can affect battery life for awhile, although I've personally never had that happen with any other updates, but after waiting for over a month nothing has gotten better for me.
Then of course they released 17.1.2, which only addressed some security issues, and next month there will be another big update released, so I wonder how long they'll suggest we wait after it to see if the battery draining stops.
I really hope that they finally do something to fix this battery drain, but I'm not holding my breath.
Apple has a history of destroying battery life intentionally in an attempt to force users to upgrade, they've even been sued by entire countries and found to be liable.
Those countries demand that Apple stop doing it to their citizens, but that hasn't stopped them from continuing to engage in this bad business practice elsewhere.
They think it'll make people rush out to replace their now defunct devices, but all it really does is destroy confidence in the company.
I don't think I'll buy anymore iPhones because there's no promise that they won't purposely make my device obsolete or refuse to fix update issues like this in a reasonable amount of time.
I'm fed up! So sorry that I've got no advice, only sympathy.