How long does it take for a refund when reported? It says that I’ve been refunded but haven’t received anything

It depends on the payment method that was used. See the following for how long it may take after a refund was approved. From Check the status of a refund for apps or content that you bought from Apple - Apple Support

When will I get the money back?

If your refund is approved, the funds are applied to the same payment method that you used to buy the item. Here's how long it takes for a refund to appear on your account or statement:

Store credit—It might take up to 48 hours to see the refund in your Apple Account balance.

Mobile phone billing—It might take up to 60 days for the statement to show the refund. Processing time might be affected by your carrier. You can contact your carrier for an update.

All other payment methods—It might take up to 30 days for the statement to show the refund. If you don't see the refund after 30 days, contact your financial institution.

See the information in the article linked to above. Depending on the original payment method, it can take up to 60 days.

That's possible, but there isn't anything that you or I can do to influence the time it takes.