Mystery Mac Scenario? No programs at all is working suddenly after restart:

This is an English centric community and that includes screenshots and YT vids ... they don't translate.

As nothing appears to be working to your satisfaction, if at all ...can't really tell; my guess is you need to reinstall your OS from the Recovery panel: How to reinstall macOS - Apple Support

Adobe's opinion is based on how Adobe believes you should operate your Mac. They feel the only important app is theirs. That notwithstanding, restoring licensed apps can be a bad thing resulting in an app that's inoperable.

Have you tried any type resets: https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/reset-macs-smc-pram/

Or started up in safe mode: Start up your Mac in safe mode - Apple Support

"There is another admin profile on the same Mac which works without these problems"

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That's pretty much a dead giveaway the problem is that user's profile is corrupt and needs to be removed in favor of a profile without problems.

Curious...did you try a restart in Safe Mode? Did it result in the same fashion as a normal boot?

it is ALWAYS a "Best Practice" to have a recent Trusted backup on hand.

That should be your Top Priority. Users can quickly provide instructions for using built-in Time Machine, which is really easy to set up. All you need to do is provide a backup destination drive that is LARGE -- recommended size is bout 2.5 time the size of what needs to be backed-up or larger. (If you have a 'found' drive at least as large as your data, you can use that, but it will quickly become annoying.)

By design, a re-install Of MacOS is intended to not disturb your data at all. Only System Directories are re-written. However, when more than 350,000 files are written to a drive that might already be having issues, the result is not always exactly what was designed -- the drive could fail completely instead.

if you run from another user without issues, or run from Safe Mode without issues, chances are good that "it's something you added".

to find out what, download and run this little "discovery" program, and post its pre-laundered report back to the forums:

https://etrecheck.com/

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Poisoning Internet performance:

By far the easiest way to cause poor performance, instability, overheating and crashing is to install ANY third-party speeder-uppers, Cleaners, Optimizers, or Virus scanners. or a VPN that you installed yourself.

The idea that a third party, with no special knowledge of the inner workings of MacOS, can somehow find a simple way to protect your computer — that is not already being done by MacOS itself — suggests that the MacOS developers are somehow "holding out on you". That is absurd.

You should remove any and all (other than Apple built-in) virus scanners, speeder uppers, optimizers, cleaners, App deleters or VPN packages you installed yourself, or anything of that ilk.

Third-party file Sync-ers such as DropBox, BackBlaze, OneDrive, or GoogleDrive can ruin performance, but are not inherently dangerous.

Effective defenses against malware and ot… - Apple Community

https://discussions.apple.com/docs/DOC-8841

I am NOT advocating a MacOS Restore from backups.

Whatever you choose to do, if it at some point requires a re-install (which is VASTLY preferable to carrying your old MacOS from backups forward) there is a non-trivial risk that the drive, if sick, could die.

As a hedge against possible DRIVE issues, be sure you have backups good enough to live with.

If you were to post an Etrecheck report, Readers could see if they could identify the issues.

there is no magic bullet that will cure all, Except to Create a new User with a name you can live with and migrate ONLY your files, nothing else.

MalwareBytes is the best respected ONE-TIME Virus scanner for Macs. It is not needed, but its detection is better than most. What is detrimental to performance is its use as an 'always-on' Virus scanner, searching your files non-stop looking for viruses, which are not a serious problem on your already well-protected Mac. You should change its settings to run ONLY on demand.

Norton/Symantec is one of the WORST offenders of all the scare-ware "protection" vendors. They have never been up to date on Macs, and have a VERY long history of damaging your Mac.

A VPN you install yourself makes your Mac MORE subject to hacking, not less. These packages also tend to wander far beyond the VPN function and intrude into encrypted connections, often breaking into any protection that could have been provided. You should remove any/all VPN except that provided to connect to your institution's network.

Are you aware that Mac is using "Norton" a/k/a "Symantec"? Rule 1 of Macs is don't install junk.

Uninstall those products in accordance with its instructions, and then run EtreCheck again to ensure all its components are permanently and irrevocably removed from that Mac.