Greetings Matteo Bossetti,
Welcome to to Apple Support Communities. It appears that you have covered all of your bases then it comes to setting up Handoff correctly:
"Use Handoff with any Mac, iPhone, iPad, or Apple Watch that meets the Continuity system requirements. Handoff works when your devices are near each other and set up as follows.
- Each device is signed in to iCloud with the same Apple ID.
- To see the Apple ID used by Apple Watch, open the Apple Watch app on your iPhone, then go to General > Apple ID.
- Each device has Bluetooth and Wi-Fi turned on.
- Each device has Handoff turned on.
- Mac with macOS Ventura or later: Choose Apple menu > System Settings, click General in the sidebar, then click AirDrop & Handoff on the right. Turn on “Allow Handoff between this Mac and your iCloud devices.”
- Mac with earlier versions of macOS: Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, click General, then select “Allow Handoff between this Mac and your iCloud devices.”
- iPhone or iPad: Go to Settings > General > AirPlay & Handoff, then turn on Handoff.
- Apple Watch: In the Apple Watch app on your iPhone, tap General and turn on Enable Handoff. Apple Watch supports handing off from your watch to your iPhone or Mac."
More details here: Use Handoff to continue tasks on your other devices
If you have a VPN or a profile installed on any of your devices, we suggest removing them to see if that helps.
If that's not the case, or if the issue persists after removing them, we suggest that you reach out to Apple directly concerning this issue. They will be able to look further into this with you: Get Support
Best wishes.