Changing Apple ID location

It depends upon what you are changing exactly. Your description is somewhat unspecific.

If you change the country/region on your ID on one device it will most certainly change it on other devices too. If you change the ID to one using a different country, it again will affect the behavior of the account as regards to access to, and laguage of, the app and media stores. The article Change your Apple ID country or region - Apple Support describes how to change your Apple ID country or region, and the results of doing this.

If you change your account email address on one device it will also change it on other devices too. It may help to sign out of services before changing things and then sign back in.

No, see this Apple article: Change your Apple ID

Change your Apple ID - Apple Support (SG)

•  You won’t lose access to your contacts, purchases or other account information.

Then see this Apple article: What to do after you change your Apple ID or password

What to do after you change your Apple ID or password - Apple Support