Re: "My Iphone 11 suddenly offloaded apps I use and is refusing to redownload them?"
Wondering if your iPhone is very low on memory / storage space for apps / back-ups / updates etc.
(Eg: An iPhone needs 8 Gb or so free in which to operate smoothly, as well as the data you store, and apps.)
See: How to check the storage on your iPhone and iPad - Apple Support
If you need more storage space on your iPhone 11:
NB: See: "Manage space on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch” in the article below:
If you need more space for an update on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support
NB: Storage on an iPhone is limited to the storage amount on the phone when purchased.
iCloud storage space is different, mainly containing data synced across devices, and back-ups.
What's the difference between device storage and iCloud storage? - Apple Support
Note: deleting synced data from either iCloud or device, deletes same data that is in sync elsewhere.
Eg: To delete files from iCloud only, you can turn off sync of data for that app.
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Re: "asked me to back up my phone which I tried doing but it failed"
You could also be short on storage space in iCloud ?
Eg: How to: Check your iCloud storage on iCloud.com - Apple Support
If needed: How to Manage your iCloud storage - Apple Support
How to: Archive or make copies of the information you store in iCloud - Apple Support
See other Backup methods for iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch - Apple Support
You might want to access old (or new) files from an external storage device, (eg: zip or hard drive).
Connect external storage devices to iPhone - Apple Support
If needed: iCloud support website: (info. / support / contact options etc.)
iCloud - Official Apple Support
Hope this helps, or if storage space is not a problem, please let us know you still need a solution.
All the best :-)