Mac OS Folders List View Can't Show Photo Metadata Fields

The Finder is a file manager. It shows you file metadata. To see photo metadata displayed in that way you would use a photo manager, Photos is a lightweight app and not aimed at folks who want to scan their aperture settings or their iso in columns. For that you would use a more heavyweight app like Lightroom Classic or similar.

However it is worth noting that the Finder does index this information and it can be searched for in the Finder:

With a Finder Window open, you can pick your view (e.g. ⌘1, ⌘2, ⌘3, or ⌘4) and from the View menu, select Show Preview. That will open a window on the right-side of the open Finder Window that will be empty until you select an image. Then, View Menu : Show Preview Options.

If you have selected an image with internal EXIF metadata, some of those metadata category names will be selectable in the Preview Options pane:

And once you have closed this options panel, you can scroll in the Finder sub-window containing your image and available meta data will be listed (if available in the image). To hide the Preview sub-window in an open Finder Window, you select Finder : View Menu : Hide Preview, or just ⇧⌘P.

One can open the image (or PDF) in Apple's Preview application, press ⌘i to open the Inspector panel and click on the i⃝ button to reveal categorical metadata content that is present in the image or PDF permissions, etc.

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Some data is visible in photos or by using the Get Info command on a file. Otherwise, you'll want a metadata browser or app that supports such viewing.

Metadata fields are not available in finder.