There are two ways to put line breaks in a cell. With Control-Enter (character code 8232) and with Option-Enter (character code 10).
Control-Enter in Numbers (same as on iPhone)

Copied and pasted in Excel, content appears all in one cell.

Option-Enter in Numbers

Copied and pasted in Excel, content appears in different cells.

Therefore from your picture, it looks like column F was entered with Control-Enter and the other ones with neither Control-Enter nor Option-Enter. Numbers just continues on the next line because the column is too narrow (see G1 in Excel compared to F1 in Numbers). I don't know how cuts between words or characters are managed differently than with latin characters.
This was tested with Excel online since I don't have a desktop version.