Re: "why does system services on my iPhone use cellular data even when the cellular data is turned off"
Wondering if you have wi-fi assist turned on .... seems if wi-fi signal is weak or wi-fi is not working for some reason, wi-fi assist will use cellular data (eg:) in order to receive a message. Wi-Fi Assist is generally on by default.
If you don't want your iOS device to stay connected to the Internet when you have a poor Wi-Fi connection, you can disable Wi-Fi Assist.
Go to Settings > Cellular or Settings > Mobile Data. Then scroll down and tap the slider for Wi-Fi Assist.
More info: About Wi-Fi Assist - Apple Support
Note: Seems the only way to send text-messages to Android users is to use cellular data.
(Depending on your provider / plan, charges may or may not apply.)