When you turn off your eSIM your phone no longer connects to the cellular network. Cellular connections use energy, even when the phone is idle; the phone periodically tells the network where it is, so when someone calls you the network can route the call to you. The amount of energy depends on the signal strength of the cellular signal; a weak signal can require up to 600 milliwatts, and a strong signal only 50 milliwatts. But the worst case is no signal; the phone keeps trying to find the network by sending “where are you" messages at full power. After a few minutes it will decrease how often it checks, usually only every 5 minutes.
What you can do when there is no signal is put the phone in Airplane mode, but keep Wi-Fi on (or turn it on if it goes off in Airplane mode). This will stop the phone from searching.
However, the absolute best solution to get maximum use on a charge, as well as slow the decline of battery capacity long term is to enable Optimized Battery Charging (Settings/Battery/Battery Health) and charge the device overnight, every night. The battery will fast charge to 80%, then pause. During the nighttime pause the phone will use mains power instead of battery power, allowing the battery to “rest”, and thus reducing the need to charge the battery quite as often. The phone will resume charging to reach 100% when you are ready to use your phone; it will “learn” your usage pattern. If you enable iCloud Backup (Settings/[your name]/iCloud - iCloud Backup) the phone will back up overnight also, assuring that you can never lose more than the current day’s updates. Here's more information→About Optimized Battery Charging on your iPhone - Apple Support