You can access various macOS installers from links in this Apple article:
How to download and install macOS - Apple Support
I don't recommend partitioning the drive at all as you will most likely regret it at some point because one or more of the partitions won't have enough room. Or you will want to get rid of the Linux partitions and find you may not be able to merge them all back again causing you to have to completely start over by erasing the computer & reinstalling macOS & restoring from a backup. Besides, modifying partitions is always risky since it involves also modifying the main macOS volume/partition each time as well, putting your main system in jeopardy.
Running Linux in a Virtual Machine is the best option if you have enough system resources and the workload on Linux will allow it to perform to expectations. This is the least disruptive option since it won't hurt macOS or put macOS at risk. Plus you do not have to reboot to access the Linux system. Rebooting into another OS is a pain.
If you must have Linux installed on bare metal, then I would recommend installing Linux onto an external USB3 SSD instead. This way both macOS and Linux have their own dedicated drives and macOS is safer than it would be if both operating systems shared the same drive. When you want to get rid of Linux, you just erase the external drive & re-use it for something else.