Mac to iPhone sync not working

PC2Apple-convert wrote:

If you prefer syncing your Mac to iPhone to selectively choose which music and photos reside on your iPhone, instead of using the cloud to have mirror copies, you likely have realized the sync function no longer works. After hours trying to troubleshoot this problem with Apple, I learned this is a known software bug and Apple Engineering is working to fix it. I hope Apple recognizes how important this feature is, and prioritized it highly. I am on OS Sonoma on Mac and iPhone 11 Pro 17.2.1.

Intro to syncing your Mac and your devices

Intro to syncing your Mac and your devices - Apple Support

The current stable release of Sonoma including bug fixes, security updates is macOS 14.3

Keep your Mac up to date - Apple Support

The current stable release of iOS including bug fixes, security updates is iOS 17.3

Update your iPhone or iPad - Apple Support

I find "Apps Using iCloud" to be turned On for Photos. If I turn it off and then turn it back on it says I don't have an enough storage space in the cloud for all my photos, which makes sense since I don't. However, I am using the album sharing feature of Photos, which also uses iCloud. If I leave it turned off and go to Sync my iPhone with my Mac, which fails, I later find "Apps Using iCloud" for Photos to be turned back On but I never made the selection myself. There is some entanglement here that needs fixing.