If I deleted all my incoming and missed phone calls and not going phone calls, can I get them back?

If you have a backup then you can restore from it. Hope you are aware of the restoring process which will wipe out everything on your device with that of the backup. 

If you are 100% sure that the backup that you are restoring has the data that you are looking for and are ready to wipe out your current data. Else take a current backup and archive it. Then restore.

How to create Multiple Backups for the same device.

1. On iTunes Click on Manage Backups
2. Right Click on a Backup and Click Archive
3. Click Backup Now.
4. You will see a fresh backup will get created See the GIF below

Can I have my missed phone calls, outgoing, phone calls and incoming phone calls, stored back in my phone if I deleted them

No, not on the phone.....but most carriers have a user website that allows their customers to log on and view call history for the last 60-90 days.

For example, with AT&T, users can view their cell phone history for up to 7 years.

Check with your carrier to see what options they may have for you.