Presumably the wired earphones that you use with your iPhone14 has a Lightning connector - and does not have a 3.5mm Audio plug?
If so, there is an Apple USB-C to Lightning Adapter with which you can connect your existing earphones (that have a Lightning connector) to your iPad10 (with USB-C connector):
- USB-C to Lightning Adapter
https://store.apple.com/xc/product/MUQX3ZM/A
However, this Adapter does not support simultaneous connection of your earphones and your iPad's Power Adapter.
If you wish to continue using wired headphones/earbuds, a potentially better and cheaper solution would be to substitute your current wired earbuds (with a Lightning connection) for a set with a standard 3.5mm analogue connection. There are third-party adapters that allow simultaneous connection of these along with your iPad's Power Adapter - such as Satechi:
https://satechi.net/products/usb-c-pd-audio-adapter
For your iPhone, you would require an Apple Lightning to 3.5mm Headphone Jack Adapter:
https://store.apple.com/xc/product/MMX62ZM/A
Many users choose to forego use of wired headphones/earbuds altogether - and instead use wireless Bluetooth headphones or earbuds.
