If it is a USB-C cable that is rated for 100 watts of Power Delivery, that means that it can handle up to 100 watts (the original maximum for Power Delivery).
It doesn't mean that the devices using the cable have to transfer that much. I would expect that the iPhone and the charger would carry out a Power Delivery negotiation (including querying the cable). If the iPhone was happy with what the charger was willing to offer, I assume that the charging circuitry in the iPhone would regulate the charging and not merely suck 100W into the phone just because the cable and power brick could handle that much.
Charge and connect with the USB-C connector on your iPhone 15 - Apple Support
140W USB-C Power Adapter - Apple <-- Compatibility list includes all iPhone-15-family models