How do I run an automation using Numbers while my iPhone is locked?

I have an iPhone 12 running iOS 17.4.

I created some automations to log my arrival and departure times from work to help me keep track of overtime. The automations are triggered by arrival to/departure from my work location, and use the “Add row to top or bottom of table” action to log the current date/time in a Numbers spreadsheet. e.g. if I arrive at work on Jan 1 2024 at 7:22am, automation #1 triggers on arrival and runs shortcut #1, which then adds a new row with “1/1/24” and “7:22am” in the relevant columns of the “Arrival” table on the spreadsheet.

The automations run fine when my phone is unlocked, however if they trigger while my phone is locked, they fail, and an error message appears saying:

‘Automation 1 couldn’t run “Add Row to Top or Bottom of Table”

”Add Row to Top or Bottom of Table” could not open “Numbers” because the iPhone is locked.’

The automations also fail if I test them with a different trigger such as a specific time, so it doesn’t seem to be related to the so-called “security” restrictions around running location-based automations, which I’ve seen suggested in response to similar questions on the forum.

I have the automations set to “Run Immediately,” and they simply fail outright instead of asking to run, so that’s not the issue either.

Is there a way to have Numbers run in an automation while the phone is locked, or failing that, is there an app that can run while locked which performs an equivalent function?

My arrival/departure times are variable (which is the point of the automations), and I can’t reliably have my phone unlocked when travelling, so any solution needs to successfully run on a locked phone, preferably with a location-based trigger. I’m also not willing to remove my passcode/faceID to make it work, as that’s just insecure.

At minimum I just need a way to automate recording the arrival/departure times & dates in a form I can access later. I can analyse/input the data into a sheet manually if I have to. I just need to be able to reliably record an accurate date/time every time I leave and arrive at work.

I’ve only made extremely basic shortcuts before, and have read extensively through Apple’s limited selection of help articles about shortcuts/automation. A straightforward location-based automation seemed like the perfect solution on paper, but it seems much harder in practice than it needs or aught to be.

I’ve included screenshots of the error message from an example automation below, as well as one of the shortcuts. Adding/removing the “Go to Home Screen” action has no effect on the automation succeeding/failing. I added it to reduce the chance of accidentally ruining the spreadsheet if the automation happens to trigger while I’m using the phone.

.