Sudo command is not giving out the latest macOS updates

The latest Monterey update will be in Software Updates, not as the main update (if your Air can upgrade further), but below that, there may be an entry:

Another update is available.

More Info…

That More Info… link will have the last available update for Monterey (12.7.4) and probably Safari 17.4 too. You proceed with the update from that More Info… screen and it will get installed.

Using this approach, the sudo command is irrelevant.

macOS sometimes gets stuck with listing the updates on the command line (even within the Software Update System Preferences/Settings too). Just the other day it happened to me where the "softwareupdate" command did not list anything at all for the two most recent major versions that should have been shown. A while later, probably after a reboot the command showed everything correctly. I had never seen it that bad before....usually the whole process just never completes (spinning wheel in the Software Update GUI).

Try rebooting the Mac. Also try booting into Safe Mode to see if that makes any difference. Otherwise wait a bit, perhaps even a day or two, to see if it works. I've seen issues with Apple's servers especially after they realease any new updates.

FYI, you do not need to use "sudo" to utilize the "softwareupdate" command on the command line (at least with later versions of macOS).

Using this specific Terminal command will list all Available Full Versions of macOS that this specific computer Qualifies to run

softwareupdate --list-full-installers

There is not sudo in that command

In my specific case, the computer did Qualify to run both macOS 13 Ventura and macOS 14 Sonoma

softwareupdate --list-full-installers

Finding available software

Software Update found the following full installers:

* Title: macOS Sonoma, Version: 14.4, Size: 13297753KiB, Build: 23E214, Deferred: NO

* Title: macOS Sonoma, Version: 14.3.1, Size: 13073278KiB, Build: 23D60, Deferred: NO

* Title: macOS Sonoma, Version: 14.3, Size: 13073941KiB, Build: 23D56, Deferred: NO

* Title: macOS Sonoma, Version: 14.2.1, Size: 13066225KiB, Build: 23C71, Deferred: NO

* Title: macOS Sonoma, Version: 14.2, Size: 13066238KiB, Build: 23C64, Deferred: NO

* Title: macOS Ventura, Version: 13.6.5, Size: 11916934KiB, Build: 22G621, Deferred: NO

* Title: macOS Ventura, Version: 13.6.4, Size: 11912664KiB, Build: 22G513, Deferred: NO

* Title: macOS Ventura, Version: 13.6.3, Size: 11915962KiB, Build: 22G436, Deferred: NO

What is the full command you're using?

Which exact MBA?

MacOS Ventura needs...

MacBook Air (2018 and newer)

Last Monterey update was 12.7.4 (21H1123) (March 7, 2024)

https://apps.apple.com/us/app/macos-monterey/id1576738294?mt=12