You need an audio interface device. There are many to choose among, from dirt cheap to very expensive. I advise staying away from the 'dirt cheap' ones.
It depends on your requirements. If you just need a dead simple, line-level stereo interface you might get away with a Behringer UCA222 w/2xRCA line inputs (about $30). Surprisingly good for its price. Regardless, I suggest looking at something more robust like the Behringer UMC2020HD (w/2xXLR & TRS inputs, mic or line level (about $100) or any of the Focusrite Scarlett & Presonus Studio series interfaces. They are very well designed & built but they are also higher priced.
If you are recording from vinyl you need something with RIAA EQ built in; none of the above devices have RIAA. An ART PhonoPlus or Dynasty UA2D would do the job. Or you could just use a USB turntable that has built-in RIAA EQ; PartsExpress/Dayton Audio recently released a couple of very nice turntables that have both analog & USB RIAA built in along with a very good Audio Technica cartridge.
May I add that, depending on your requirements, you may find a mixer more productive & cost effective. Although I considered buying a Scarlett a few years ago, I ended up getting a Mackie ProFXV3 mixer with USB digital interface. It was a lot more bang for the buck, and not much more than the Scarlett or Presonus interfaces.