iCloud: There was an error connecting to the Apple ID server

Microsoft Windows 11 Home Version 10.0.22635 Build 22635

iCloud Version 15.0.215.0

Error

Verification failed.

There was an error connecting to the Apple ID server

After a Windows update, iCloud does not connect to the Apple ID server.

iCloud automatically runs.

A prompt appears to enter my password.

Password check:

The invalid password does not work, as expected.

The valid password works, since I receive the validation code. After approving the login on my iPhone, it appears as if the connection times out.