Hi Jane705,
welcome to the Apple (user-to-user) Community.
Thank you for your post, and question to the Community. Am no expert in this area, yet you certainly deserve some kind of response.
I may be wrong, yet seems the solution may be for each of the third-party apps and sites to receive some specific feedback on what is not working for blind users, eg: so that words for VoiceOver to read can be inserted, or some other kind of trigger can be used, to allow VoiceOver to recognise and interact correctly with the navigational aids provided. Wondering what others in the community may have to suggest ?
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Re: " ... a back arrow to return to previous screen. VoiceOver will read the information, but not mention the back arrow. Worse, double clicking on the arrow (by a sighted person) has no effect. "
Wondering if you tried Apple's accessibility method of using two fingers to quickly swipe a large zig-zag (like letter "Z") on the screen to navigate back to the previous screen.
Apple Support's online article: Use VoiceOver gestures on iPhone - Apple Support
says:
"Dismiss an alert or return to the previous screen :
Two-finger scrub (move two fingers back and forth three times quickly, making a “z”)"
Also Apple's video "How to navigate your VoiceOver screen on iPhone or iPad" goes through navigation tips.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDm7GiKra28&list=PLIl2EzNYri0dbILXEAAYdfzM4H-ixRgmh&index=17
There are more videos on Apple's Video page: Accessibility features: Vision: 17 videos
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIl2EzNYri0dbILXEAAYdfzM4H-ixRgmh
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More support for any difficulties with Apple's accessibility software, apps or sites:
Apple's Accessibility Support Website
(NB: You can "Get Support" from the link at the bottom of their website (link below)
Accessibility Support - Official Apple Support
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If you want to provide feedback to Apple:
To provide feedback about an accessibility feature on an Apple product,
you can email the Accessibility team: accessibility@apple.com.
All the best :-)