Missing documents folder
The documents folder is missing from the finder, but shows up with an ls command in Terminal. I do not have iCloud drive turned on, which is the only cause I have been able to find with a search.
iMac 27″, macOS 14.2
You may be able to pull it up when you have "Finder" open, just use the menu bar and select "Go" and from in there select "Documents" and it'll take you to that folder. You can also use the shortcut key combination which is Shift + Command + O to bring you to that folder in Finder as well.
You can also get it back in your favorites bar by getting into your home folder in finder which you can do by also using the "Go" menu option and selecting Home. Then drag the Documents folder to the area in the sidebar that you wish it to be located.